Soil: Information with explanations on Soil questions for various recruitment exams like GPSTR, TET, HSTR, SDA, FDA, SSC, PSI, PC.
1. Generally, the soil of the northern plains of India has been formed by
1) Degradation
2) Aggradation
3) Weathering in situ
4) Erosion
Ans:- 2) Aggradation
• The fertile northern plain lies south of the Himalayas. It is called the Gangetic Plain.
• It is a vast plain & flat land between the Himalayas in the north & the Deccan Plateau in the south.
• The soil of this plain is made up of soil brought by rivers from the Himalayas.
• This is called an alluvial plain and it is very fertile.
• This plain is one of the largest & most fertile plains in the world.
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2. Saline and alkaline soils in India are also called as
1) Kallar
2) Khadar
3) Regur
4) Bangar
Ans:- 1) Kallar
• In India, saline and alkaline soils are also called kallar.
• Saline and Alkaline Soils: This type of soil is spread across Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan & Maharashtra covering an area of about 68,000 sq km.
• The tidal waves of the ocean have deposited salty sediment on the edge of the Gulf of Cambay in Gujarat.
• Similarly, the estuaries of the Narmada, Tapti, Mahi and Sabarmati rivers are also saline and alkaline. They are called by local names like Reh, Kallar, Usar, Thur, Ratcar, Karl, Chopan.
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3. In which one of the following States is laterite soil found?
1) Kerala
2) Uttar Pradesh
3) Rajasthan
4) Maharashtra
Ans:- 4) Maharashtra
• In India, Jambittige soils are found in the Eastern Ghats of Orissa, the southern parts of the Western Ghats, the Malabar coastal plains, and Ratnagiri in Maharashtra and some parts of Andhra Pradesh. They are rich in aluminium and iron.
• This soil is red in color due to the presence of iron oxides.
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4. In which of the following states can you find pink (laterite) soil?
1) West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh
2) Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh
3) Karnataka
4) Himachal Pradesh and Uttaranchal
Ans:- 1) West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh
• States where Jambattige soil is found:- West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Meghalaya, Assam, Odisha etc. Jambattige soil is called rose soil.
• Laterite Soils:- These soils are formed by the leaching of soil minerals in areas with high rainfall, i.e., more than 200 cm of rainfall per year. In these soils, the lime and silica, which are easily soluble in water, are completely leached and transported to the deeper layers of the soil. Due to this, the topsoil is composed of iron and aluminum compounds. This soil is red in color due to iron oxides.
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5. Red soil is normally found in India in which regions?
1) Eastern Region only
2) Southern Region only
3) Eastern & Southern part of the Deccan Plateau
4) None of these
Ans:- 3) Eastern & Southern part of the Deccan Plateau
• Red Soils: Red soil is formed by the weathering of parent rocks in situ.
• Iron-bearing rocks are pulverized and then combined with oxygen to form iron oxide. This gives these soils their red color. These types of soils vary in color from red to brown and are commonly found in tropical climates.
• Red soil is widely spread over an area of about 3,50,000 sq km in India. It is found in the Rajmahal Hills in the east, Jhansi in the north, and Katti region in the west.
• And in the south, it is found between the plateau parts of the states of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.
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Soil: Information with explanations on Soil questions for various recruitment exams like GPSTR, TET, HSTR, SDA, FDA, SSC, PSI, PC.
6. The soil of Kerala is rich in which of the following soils?
1) Alluvial Soil
2) Laterite Soil
3) Sandy Soil
4) Loamy Soil
Ans:- 2) Laterite Soil
• The Jambittige soil covers most of the area of Kerala.
• It covers about 65 percent of the total area of the state.
• Covers a major part of the Central & Central Highlands regions.
• It is the most extensive of the soil groups found in Kerala.
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7. In which of the following states Marshy/Peaty soil is not predominantly found?
1) Kerala
2) Madhya Pradesh
3) Odisha
4) West Bengal
Ans:- 2) Madhya Pradesh
• Marshy Soils are found in the coastal areas of Orissa.
• It is found in the Sundarbans of West Bengal, North Bihar and Ellora districts of Uttaranchal.
• This soil is formed due to the lack of air circulation in the soil of low-lying areas where water always stands. Furthermore, in some low-lying areas, plant remains accumulate excessively and do not completely decompose, forming ‘Peaty Soils’.
• Vegetation soils are commonly found in the coastal areas of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Odisha, and West Bengal.
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8. Consider the following states:
1) Arunachal Pradesh
2) Himachal Pradesh
3) Mizoram
In which of the above States do “Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests” Occur?
1) 1 only
2) 2 and 3
3) 1 and 3
4) 1, 2 and 3
Ans:- 3) Mizoram
• Tropical moist evergreen forests are suitable environment for :
• The annual rainfall is more than 250 cm, the annual average temperature is 25-27°C, the high temperature, high relative humidity and high rainfall are the reasons for the abundant growth of evergreen forests. It covers 8% of the total forest area of India.
• Area of occurrence:- Northeast India, Western Ghats, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, some parts of Assam and some areas of the Himalayan foothills.
• Important trees:- Betel, White Cedar, Toon, Ebony, Mahogany, Cane, Bamboo, Sheesham, Gurjan etc.
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9. When was ‘Project Elephant’ launched in India?
1) 1990
2) 1992
3) 1994
4) 1996
Ans:- 1992
• Elephants:- The Government of India launched Project Elephant in 1992 to protect their habitat and corridors, address issues of human-animal conflict and ensure the welfare of captive elephants. According to the Elephant Census (2017), Karnataka has the highest number of elephants (6,049), followed by Assma(5,719) and (3,054).
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10.In which of the following States is Dampa Tiger Reserve situated?
1) Assam
2) Karnataka
3) Mizoram
4) Orissa
Ans:- 3) Mizoram
• Dampa Tiger Reserve or Dampa Tiger Reserve is a tiger reserve in western Mizoram, India.
• It covers an area of about 500 sq km (190 sq mi) in the Lu Hills, at an altitude range of 800–1,100 m (2,600–3,600 ft).
• It was declared a tiger reserve in 1994 and is part of Project Tiger.
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11. The State which produces largest number of orchids in India is
1)Assam
2) Arunachal Pradesh
3) Meghalaya
4) Sikkim
Ans:-4) Sikkim
• Sikkim is the largest producer of orchids in India.
• The state is home to an amazing 450 species of exotic orchids.
• About 20 million orchids are produced in Sikkim annually.
• Sikkim has developed into a natural center for orchids due to its climate.
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12. Bugyals are high altitude meadows and pastures in the Himalayan slopes. In which state would you find them most?
1) Assam
2) Tamil Nadu
3) Sikkim
4) Uttarakhand
Ans:- 4) Uttarakhand
• Bugyals:- are alluvial grasslands or meadows in the Himalayas of Uttarakhand, India, at altitudes between 3,300 meters and 4,000 meters. There they are called “nature’s own gardens”.
• The topography of this area is flat or sloping. These bogs are covered with natural green grass and seasonal flowers.
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13. In India, which type of Forest among the following occupies the largest area?
1) Montane wet Temperate forest
2) Sub- tropical Dry Evergreen forest
3) Tropical wet Evergreen forest
4) Tropical moist Desiduous forest
Ans:-4) Tropical moist Desiduous forest
• Moist Temperate Mountain Forests:- These are evergreen forests. • In the mountains at an altitude of 1800 to 3000 m. • Annual rainfall: 150 to 300 cm. Found in: Nilgiri Hills, Nagaland, Assam and West Bengal.
• 2) Subtropical dry evergreen forest:- This type of forest is rare in India. It is found only along the coastal areas of Tamil Nadu. • It is found in areas where rainfall is less than 100 cm.
• 3) Tropical moist evergreen forests:- Common in India
• Rainfall – In areas receiving more than 250 cm of rainfall. Occurs in 8% of the total forest area of India. • Found in the western part of the Western Ghats, North Eastern states and Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
4) Tropical moist deciduous forests. : • Found in: Average In areas receiving 100 to 20 cm of rainfall annually, these forests consist mainly of deciduous trees. They are usually surrounded by evergreen forests.
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